UNIT 4
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Grammar:
Texts: |
1. The Present Simple Tense and the Present Continuous Tense 2. Quantitative Pronouns 1. «A Long Day’s Journey Into Work» 2. «Working Day» 3. «Tea For Two» |
Text One
A Long Day’s Journey Into Work
Do you think you have a long and boring journey to work? Well, David Ross takes over seven hours every day to get to and from work. That’s 1,610 hours a year!
David Ross, a 32-year-old accountant, lives with his wife and two children in Leeming, a small country village near York in the north of England. But his job is in the centre of London, 400 miles (640 km) away in the south.
Every day David leaves home at five o’clock in the morning, drives three miles to his local railway station and catches the 5.30 train to York. At York he takes the 6.12 InterCity Express to King’s Cross in London. From there he goes by underground to Liverpool Street Station and then walks to his office.
The whole journey takes three hours and fifty minutes. He gets home at nine o’clock in the evening. What a life!
Why does he do it? David smiles: «Because I like my job in London but I like living in the north and I like travelling by train!»
Text Two
Working Day
Mr Copland has a lot of work today. He must write a report for Mr Baxter. Mr Baxter is a very exacting man. He wants to have the report ready today.
Mr Copland is alone in his office. He is sitting at his desk with a pen in his hand. He is trying to keep his thoughts on the report. He must calculate quickly and without mistakes. But he is not writing anything. He is looking at the ceiling with unseeing eyes. He is dreaming. The sun is shining brightly. The birds are singing. Mr Copland is driving somewhere in South America. Alice is sitting at his side and smiling at him. Everything is quiet but ... Mr Copland begins to realize that he and Alice are not alone in this world. Another car is coming in their direction. The driver is holding a gun in his hand and aiming it at Mr Copland. «I want the report», he says. Mr Copland recognizes Mr Baxter.
Text Three
Tea For Two
Harold: Excuse me, at what time is the train from Hastings due?
A man: Look, it’s just coming in now at Platform 5.
Harold: Thank you.
A man: Not at all.
Harold: Hello, Nancy.
Nancy: Hello, Harold.
Harold: What shall we do, Nancy?
Nancy: Well, I want to buy a record.
Harold: A gramophone-record?
Nancy: Yes, next week is my brother’s birthday. I want to give him a record.
Harold: Well, let’s go to a music-shop, then.
Nancy: There’s a good one in Coventry Street.
Harold: All right, let’s go to that music-shop.
Shop-girl: What can I do for you?
Nancy: Have you got a record of folk-songs?
Shop-girl: Just a minute. Here it is. It’s an L.P. (Long Play)
Nancy: That’s all right. Can we hear it, please?
Shop-girl: Certainly.
Harold: It’s a very good record. I like it.
Nancy: I’ll have it. How much is it?
Shop-girl: One pound sixteen shillings, please. Thank you.
Nancy: Thank you. Good afternoon.
Shop-girl: Good afternoon.
Nancy: Where shall we go now?
Harold: Shall we go to a cinema?
Nancy: That’s a good idea. What’s the time?
Harold: It’s four o’clock by my watch.
Nancy: Four o’clock? It’s tea-time.
Harold: Yes, let’s have a cup of tea.
Nancy: There’s a nice restaurant at Leicester Square.
Harold: And there’s also a cinema.
Nancy: That’s lovely. Let’s go.
Harold: Look, there’s a table for two.
Nancy: Near the window. That’ nice.
Harold: Come on. Let’s sit down.
Nancy: Oh, here’s the waitress already.
Waitress: Yes, sir?
Harold: Tea for two, please.
Waitress: Tea for two.
Notes: Forms and Patterns.
1. The Present Simple and the Present Continuous
The difference between the two present tenses:
(a) We use the Simple Present to talk about:
- things that are always true or true for a long time;
e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
- a habit and things that happen often, usually, sometimes, etc.
e.g. I usually study from five to seven o’clock.
(b) We use the Present Continuous to talk about:
- things that are happening now or around now;
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e.g. |
The water’s boiling. I’ll make coffee. I’m studying very hard just now. |
- plans for the future.
e.g. What are you doing tomorrow?
(с) We use some verbs only in the Present Simple, not in the Present Continuous. They are:
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believe, think, understand, know, forget, remember, suppose, imagine, mean; |
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like, dislike, love, hate, want, wish, prefer; |
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see, hear, smell, taste, feel; |
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have/=possess/, contain, belong to, need, cost, be, seem, own. |
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e.g. |
I think you’re right. I like this music. This spaghetti tastes delicious. |
2. Quantitative Pronouns: many, much and a lot, few, little, a few, a little
(a) We use «many, (a) few» with countable nouns.
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e.g. |
Few students are present. (= not many) A few students are present. (= some, indefinite) |
We use «much, (a) little» with uncountable nouns.
e.g. He drinks little beer. (=not much)
There’s a little wine left. (=some, indefinite)
(b) We usually use «much/many» mainly in the negative sentences and questions.
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e.g. |
Are there many people there? We haven’t got much time. |
In positive sentences «a lot (of)/lots (of)/plenty of» is more usual.
e.g. We spend a lot of money.
She’s got a lot of friends.
We can also use these words without nouns.
e.g. How much does it cost?
I think about you a lot.
But: In positive sentences after «too, so, as, very» we use «many» and «much».
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e.g. |
We’ve got too much milk. I’ve got so many jobs to do today. |
Drills
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Drill 1. |
Do you like apples?
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Does she ask a question?
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1. Do you like bananas?
2. Does she like potatoes?
3. Do they know the answer?
4. Do we understand them?
5. Do you speak German?
6. Does he play the piano?
7. Do they like to dance?
8. Does George like coffee?
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Drill 2. |
Does he drink beer?
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1. Do they speak English?
2. Does he watch television?
3. Do you play tennis?
4. Does she swim in the sea?
5. Do they sell brooms and mops?
6. Do you eat ice-cream?
7. Does he listen to the radio?
8. Do they play games?
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Drill 3. |
Does he drive a car?
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Is he happy?
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1. Does your mother clean the floor?
2. Are they late?
3. Does John sit at home?
4. Does she day-dream at the lessons?
5. Do they watch television?
6. Does he look at the ceiling?
7. Does he wash his car himself?
8. Are they angry?
9. Is he lazy?
10. Do we calculate quickly?
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Drill 4. |
Look! He is washing the car.
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1. Look! She is cooking the potatoes.
2. Look! He is walking to school.
3. Look! I am waiting for you.
4. Look! She is learning her lessons.
5. Look! You are using my guitar.
6. Look! The secretary is using a typewriter.
7. Look! The porter is carrying the bags of the travellers.
8. Look! He is showing the hotel guests to their rooms.
9. Look! The chef is baking bread.
10. Look! The businessman is preparing the report.
11. Look! The construction worker is carrying bricks.
12. Look! Musicians are playing together in an orchestra.
13. Look! Fashion models are showing us the newest styles of clothes.
14. Look! Mr Emmons is holding Buster.
15. Look! Mr Emmons is picking up a new supply of brooms.
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Drill 5. |
They have dinner at 7 o’clock.
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1. He works in the garden every afternoon.
2. They visit us in the summer.
3. We listen to the radio in the evening.
4. Nancy does her homework after school.
5. Harold writes to his cousin every week.
6. Mr Parker drives to work every morning.
7. Musicians play together in an orchestra every day.
8. The teacher usually explains lessons.
9. Mr Emmons sells brooms and mops every day.
10. Mr Emmons visits each house every four months.
11. They play in the park on Sundays.
12. He listens to music in the evening.
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Drill 6. |
Does he smoke a lot?
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1. Do they work hard?
2. Does she sing every day?
3. Does he often cry?
4. Do they always laugh?
5. Does she talk a lot?
6. Does he often drink?
7. Do they sleep all day?
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Drill 7. |
Tom’s making a lot of mistakes!
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1. Tom’s answering the telephone!
2. He’s taking the children to school!
3. He’s helping his wife!
4. He’s walking the dog!
5. He’s cleaning the windows!
6. They’re spending their holidays at home!
7. They’re working late!
8. The dog is sleeping on your bed!
9. She’s driving the car!
10. She’s stopping at the traffic lights!
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Drill 8. |
Do they have lunch at one o’clock? usually
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Is Frank working in the garden? still
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1. Do they have morning coffee at 11.30? usually
2. Are they talking about their husbands? still
3. Does it rain in autumn? generally
4. Is it raining outside? still
5. Do they have a break at one o’clock? always
6. Are they having a break? still
7. Does Frank watch TV in the evening? usually
8. Is Frank watching a football match on TV? still
9. Does Tom phone from Paris in the evening? usually
10. Is Susan talking to Tom? still
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Drill 9. |
We often go to the theatre.
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He is watching TV now.
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1. The wind blows papers far away.
2. They are working together in groups.
3. They usually go to Trafalgar Square by bus.
4. He is selling brooms in this part of the city now.
5. They usually walk from house to house.
6. They are talking to people now.
7. He usually shows the hotel guests to their rooms.
8. He is carrying the bags of the travellers.
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Drill 10. |
I am watching that bird now. (see)
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1. look at 2. hear 3. listen to 4. like |
5. call 6. want 7. buy 8. own |
feed remember think about know |
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Drill 11. |
play tennis// play chess
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1. speak Spanish// speak English
2. shop at CLA// shop at BHS
3. drink coffee// drink tea
4. wash the car// wash the dog
5. listen to Russian music// listen to Spanish music
6. use black ink// use blue ink
7. watch TV// read a book
8. wear jeans// wear a suit
9. sit next to Darlene// sit next to Diane
10. save money// buy a motorcycle
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Drill 12. |
Are there many books in the bookcase?
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1. Are there many flowers in the vase?
2. Are there many windows in your flat?
3. Are there many trees in your garden?
4. Are there many children in the hall?
5. Are there many police cars in the street?
6. Are there many doubledeckers in the street?
7. Are there many papers in the file cabinet?
8. Are there many drawings in the book?
9. Are there many musicians in the orchestra?
10.Are there many pictures of models in the magazines?
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Drill 13. |
Is there much snow in the street?
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1. Is there much water in the glass?
2. Is there much coffee in your cup?
3. Is there much traffic in the street?
4. Is there much litter on the ground?
5. Is there much money in the pocket?
6. Is there much work to do?
7. Is there much food in the fridge?
8. Is there much milk in the glass?
Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises
Exercise 1. (Text 1) Answer each question with a complete sentence.
1. Where does David Ross live?
2. Does he live alone?
3. Where is his job?
4. What time does David leave home every day?
5. How many miles does he drive to the local railway station?
6. What train does he catch to York?
7. What train does he take at York?
8. How does he get from King’s Cross in London to Liverpool Street Station?
9. How long does the whole journey take?
10. What time does he get home?
11. Why does he do it?
12. Does he like living in the north?
Exercise 2. (Text 2)
A. Choose the right continuation to complete the following sentences.
1. Mr Copland has a lot of work. He must
a. arrange a meeting b. write a report c. complete the project
2. Mr Copland is alone in his office. He is
a. dreaming b. calculating quickly c. writing a report
3. He is dreaming of
a. a pay rise b. the firm’s prospects c. a holiday in South America
4. Mr Copland begins to realize that
a. life is a great fun b. he and Alice are not alone in this world
c. Mr Baxter is an exacting man
B. Choose the right answer to the questions below:
5. When does Mr Baxter want to have the report ready?
a. tomorrow b. today c. this week
6. What is Mr Copland trying to do?
a. calculate quickly b. keep his thoughts on the report c. finish the report
7. What is he doing in fact?
a. writing b. looking at the ceiling c. singing
8. What is the weather like?
a. cold b. rainy c. sunny
9. Who is sitting to Mr Copland in his imaginary trip?
a. nobody b. Mr Baxter c. Alice
10. What puts an end to his dreams?
a. the idea of a report b. a telephone call c. Mr Baxter’s arrival
Exercise 3. (Text 3) Answer the questions:
1. At what platform is the train from Hastings coming in?
2. What does Nancy want to buy?
3. Why does she want to buy a record?
4. What shop are they going to?
5. What record does Nancy ask for?
6. How much is the record?
7. Is four o’clock tea time?
8. Where is there a nice restaurant?
9. Where is the table?
Exercise 4. Dictation-translation.
1. Дэвид Росс, 32хлетний бухгалтер, живет со своей женой и двумя детьми в маленькой деревушке на севере Англии.
2. Но работает он в центре Лондона, 640 км южнее.
3. Каждый день Дэвид отправляется из дома в 5 часов утра и в 5.30 садится на поезд до Йорка.
4. В Йорке в 6.12 он садится в междугородний экспресс до станции Кингз Кросс в Лондоне.
5. Оттуда он едет на метро до станции Ливерпуль Стрит и затем идет пешком до своего офиса.
6. Вся дорога занимает 3 часа и 50 минут.
7. Приезжает он домой в девять часов вечера. Что за жизнь!
8. Сейчас мистер Копланд старается сосредоточиться на докладе.
9. Он смотрит на потолок невидящим взглядом.
10. Он начинает осознавать, что они с Элис не одни в этом мире.
Grammar Exercises
Exercise 1. Add -ing to the verbs in these sentences.
1. I’m ..... the beds. (make)
2. I’m ..... a sandwich. (eat)
3. I’m ..... a letter. (write)
4. I’m ..... on my coat. (put)
5. I’m ..... abroad. (travel)
6. I’m ..... of thirst. (die)
7. I’m ..... your case. (carry)
8. I’m ..... down. (lie)
9. I’m ..... down. (sit)
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.
1. Are you eating anything?
2. When do you eat?
3. Do you dance?
4. Is your friend dancing?
5. Does your girl-friend (boy-friend) sing?
6. Is your girl-friend (boy-friend) singing?
7. What are you thinking of?
8. Do you think hard when you do your homework?
9. Where do you live?
10. Do you come here by bus?
11. Are you sleeping now?
12. Do you ever sleep in class?
Exercise 3. Change the verb forms of the sentences according to the model.
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e.g. |
He usually drinks water. (tonight/ champagne)
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1. He usually eats eggs. (tonight/steak)
2. She usually drinks beer. (tonight/wine)
3. He usually smokes cigars. (tonight/cigarettes)
4. She usually eats at home. (tonight/in a restaurant)
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Exercise 4. |
Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Use the verb that is shown to the left. |
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hear
write
run
taste
contain
get
see
look at
understand
taste |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. |
I ..... the bell every morning. I ..... the bell now. John ..... letters every evening. John ..... letters now. Dick always ..... to school. Dick ..... to school now. The soup ..... good when the vegetables are fresh. This soup ..... good. Leaves always ..... chlorophyll. Do you see this leaf? It ..... chlorophyll. The weather ..... colder when the north wind blows. The weather ..... colder now. We usually ..... the lightning before we hear the thunder. There’s an airplane approaching; I ..... it clearly.
Jim’s father always ..... his homework. He ..... his homework now. Some days I ..... the lesson right away. Oh, yes. Now I ..... . She always ..... the soup before she serves it. She ..... the soup now. |
Exercise 5. Put in the correct tense:
1. I would like to go home now. It ..... late. (is getting/gets)
2. «What .....?» - «Beer. Can I get you some?» (are you drinking/do you drink)
3. «Where’s Lucy?» - «She ..... a bath». (‘s having/has)
4. What sort of films .....? (are you liking/do you like)
5. «Do you speak Chinese?» - «No, .....». (I’m not/I don’t)
6. What time ..... to bed? (are you usually going/do you usually go)
7. «Is there anything to eat?» - «I ..... some fish». (‘m just cooking/just cook)
8. «What are you doing?» - «I ..... the guitar». (‘m just practicing/just practice)
9. ..... tomorrow? (Are you working/Do you work)
10. No, I ..... on Saturdays. (‘m not working/don’t work)
Exercise 6. Choose the Present Simple Tense or the Present Continuous Tense.
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A.
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1. She (go) to school every day. 2. We now (learn) English. 3. The sun always (shine) in Egypt. 4. I (sit) on a chair and (eat) a banana. 5. Bad students never (work) hard. 6. It (rain) in winter. It (rain) now. 7. I (wake up) at seven and (have) breakfast at half past. 8. He usually (sing) in English but today he (sing) in French. 9. Mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present, she always (cook) in the mornings. 10. The sun (rise) in the east; it (set) and night (fall). 11. Architects (make) the plans of buildings. 12. I (wear) a coat because the sun (not shine). 13. I always (meet) you on the corner of this street. 14. The baby (cry) because it is hungry now. |
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B. |
1. «Where are you?» - «I (sit) in the kitchen». - «What you (do) there?» - «I (help) my mother». 2. «Where you (go) now?» - «I (go) to the theatre». - «I (go) tonight also, but I (not go) very often». - «I (go) every week, but tonight I (go) for the second time in three days. 3. A man’s heart (beat) 92,160 times a day. 4. «What you (listen) to?» - «I (listen) to the news». 5. It (take) two to make marriage a success and only one to make it a failure. 6. «I can’t see her. Where she (sit)?» - «She (sit) next to her mother». 7. «Why you (drink) tea?» - «I always (drink) tea in the morning». 8. «What you (do) these days?» - «I (redecorate) my house». 9. «Who he (talk) to?» - «He (talk) to the French teacher». 10. You (know) what that case (contain)? |
Exercise 7. Read the information below and answer the questions.
1. What time do banks open and close in Britain?
2. Do they open on Sunday?
3. What time do shops close?
ABOUT OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES IN BRITAIN
Post offices open at 09.00 and close at 17.30 from Monday to Friday. They close on Saturday at 12.30.
Banks open at 09.30 and close at 15.30 from Monday to Friday. A few banks open on Saturday morning. In big cities, Bureau de change offices open every day until quite late in the evening.
Shops usually open at 09.00 or 10.00 and close at 17.30 or 18.00. They do not usually close for lunch except in small towns. Most shops are closed on Sunday and national holidays.
Exercise 8. Write these sentences in the negative, using «much» or «many».
e.g. I’ve got a lot of time. - I haven’t got much time.
1. There are a lot of people in the street.
2. I take lots of photos while I am on holiday.
3. The people are spending a lot of money.
4. He always gives me lots of help.
5. They’ve got plenty of whisky.
6. You can see a lot of animals in the Zoo.
7. He can drink plenty of wine.
8. There is a lot of blood on his face.
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Exercise 9. |
Write these sentences in the affirmative. Use «a lot of/ plenty of» instead of «many/ much». |
1. He hasn’t much work to do this afternoon.
2. Dick doesn’t smoke many cigarettes.
3. There isn’t much time to catch the train.
4. I didn’t get much to eat when I had dinner with the Greens.
5. We haven’t much time for listening to the radio.
6. She didn’t ask many of her friends to come.
7. Mr Kelly doesn’t read many new books.
Exercise 10. Rewrite these sentences and use «very few, very little, (only) a few, (only) a little» in place of the underlined words.
1. There is not much wine left in this bottle.
2. There is some, but not much, wine in that bottle.
3. Mr Wimble hasn’t many books.
4. Mr Green has a small number of books.
5. A small number of the children went for a walk.
6. Not many English people speak Turkish.
7. He does not spend much money on books.
8. Will you have some more meat?
9. We haven’t many friends here.
10. I haven’t much time for listening to the radio.
11. I will have some more of that cake.
12. I will have some more of those cakes.
Exercise 11. Use «a little» or «a few» in the sentences below.
1. I have ..... friends in this city.
2. I take ..... sugar in my coffee.
3. There are ..... clouds in the sky.
4. We can see ..... shops along the street.
5. Would you like ..... more ice cream?
Exercise 12. Write questions with «How much?» or «How many?»
e.g. We’ve got some eggs. - How many eggs have we got?
1. She has a lot of children.
2. Can you buy some butter? (want)
3. The house has a lot of bedrooms.
4. Some people are coming for a meal on Sunday.
5. She earns a lot.
6. There is some cheese in the refregirator.
7. I drink coffee every day.
8. I have got some work to do.
Exercise 13. Choose the correct answer.
1. I’m sorry, but I’ve got very a little/little money at the moment. I’m afraid I can’t lend you any.
2. He has very a few/few friends and he gets rather lonely.
3. She has a few/few friends in London and she’s very happy there.
4. It is a very poor country: it has a few/few natural resources and a little/little good agricultural land.
5. Would you like a little/little more wine? There’s still a little/little left in the bottle.
6. It doesn’t take long to drive into town. There’s very a little/little traffic on the road.
7. It’s a very boring little town; there’s very a little/little to do there.
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Exercise 14. |
Insert «much, many, a lot, plenty of, a little, a few». Sometimes more than one answer is possible. |
1. There is ..... snow on the roof.
2. He has ..... English books.
3. There are ..... flowers in this vase. Take ..... for your wife.
4. Give me ..... butter, please.
5. Now there is ..... water in the river.
6. There isn’t ..... rice left.
7. I know ..... people in London, but not many.
8. We’ve got ..... coffee left, but not much.
9. He earns ..... money in his job.
10. She’s got ..... classical music records.
11. We have ..... wine with our meal, but not very much.
12. Have we got ..... potatoes left?
13. How .... money did you spend on holiday?
Exercise 15. Match a line in A with a line in B and a line in C.
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A |
B |
C |
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a. Does your tooth hurt? b. Have you got any whisky? c. Do you have any books on French literature? d. Would you like some cream? e. Are there many Spanish people in your class? f. Do you watch much TV? g. Do you get many letters? h. Do your children get a lot of homework? |
A few
A little
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It takes them about an hour a night. I’m trying to lose weight. You can borrow them if you want. The children ate most of it. Do you want some ice in it? But most of them come from France. I’m going to the dentist tomorrow. But most of them are bills. |
Exercise 16. Complete the columns with these nouns:
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1. little/ much 2. few/ many 3. a lot of/ plenty of |
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1. information 2. icecream 3. spaghetti 4. traffic 5. cheese 6. icecreams 7. meat 8. friends 9. money 10. women 11. fruit 12. children 13. sugar 14. Card |
Exercise 17. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Они знают ответ? - Нет, ответа они не знают.
2. Он пьет виски? - Нет! Он никогда не пьет виски.
3. Он моет машину сам? - Да, он всегда моет машину сам.
4. Она расстроена? - Она всегда расстроена.
5. Посмотри! Хэролд ждет тебя. - Ну. Конечно! Он ждет меня каждый день.
6. Он много курит? - Не знаю, но в данный момент он курит.
7. Посмотри! Она выгуливает собаку. Обычно она ее не выгуливает.
8. Фрэнк все еще работает в саду? - Да.
9. Том обычно звонит из Парижа вечером? - Да.
10. В вашей квартире много окон?
11. На земле много мусора?
12. В холодильнике много еды.