Unit 20
I. Read the text:
Sanding and finishing
Sanding removes tool marks and makes wood surfaces smooth for finishing. Sanding should not begin until the wood has been cut to its final size. Most abrasive paper manufactured for use by hand has rough particles of the minerals flint or garnet. Aluminum oxide is a common sanding material used in such machines as a portable belt sander or a vibrating sander. Portable belt sanders work better than vibrating sanders on large wood surfaces.
Woodworkers use a variety of finishes to protect wood and to bring out the beauty of the grain. A stain is a dye that colors wood without hiding the pattern and feel of the grain. Paint covers the grain of the wood and provides a color of its own. Varnish, shellac, and lacquer add a hard, glossy finish while exposing the beauty of the wood. Wax protects varnish and has a smooth, shiny finish when polished. Enamel is a type of glossy paint.
II. Find English equivalents in the text:
следы от инструмента - _______________________________
поверхность дерева - _______________________
наждачная бумага - __________________________
грубые частицы - ______________________________
шлифовальный материал - __________________________
ленточно-шлифовальная ручная машина - ______________________________
вибрационный шлифовальный станок - ____________________________
целый ряд покрытий - __________________________________
показать красоту - ________________________________
не скрывая структуру - _________________________________
строение (структура) дерева - ______________________________
глянцевая поверхность - _____________________________
глянцевая краска - ______________________________
красота структуры дерева - _____________________________
такие минералы как кремень или гранит - ______________________________
III. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
smooth for finishing - _______________________________
final size - ________________________________
manufactured for use by hand - ____________________________________
aluminum oxide - _____________________________
beauty of the wood - _____________________________
a stain - _____________________
a dye - __________________________
that colors wood - ____________________________________
provides a color of its own - _________________________________
a varnish - ___________________________
a shellac - ________________________
shiny finish - ________________________
an enamel - ___________________
IV. Translate the text and say whether these statements are true or false:
1. Finishing makes wood surfaces smooth for sanding.
2. Before sanding the wood should be cut to its final size.
3. Most abrasive paper manufactured for use by hand is very soft.
4. Vibrating sanders are the best machines used for sanding large wood surfaces.
5. A variety of lacquers is used to protect wood.
6. A stain is used for painting wood and hiding the pattern of the grain.
7. Finishes cover wood and provide a color of its own.
8. Varnish, shellac, and lacquer are used for exposing the beauty of the wood.
9. Wax is used for providing a smooth and shiny finish.
V. Choose the right variant:
1. Most abrasive paper manufactured for use by hand has rough particles …
а) Большую часть наждачной бумаги производили для использования вручную, которая имела грубые частицы …
б) Большинство наждачки выпускалось вручную и имело грубые частицы..
в) Большая часть наждачной бумаги произведенной для использования вручную имеет грубые частицы …
2. Aluminum oxide is a common sanding material used in such machines …
а) Оксид алюминия это общий материал для шлифования и использовался в таких машинах …
б) Оксид алюминия это распространенный материал для шлифовки используемый в таких машинах …
в) Оксид алюминия является шлифовальным материалом общим для таких машин …
3. A stain is a dye that colors wood without hiding the pattern …
а) Морилка это красящее вещество, которое окрашивает дерево, не скрывая его структуру …
б) Морилка это красящее вещество под цвет дерева, которая не скрывает его структуру …
в) Морилка это красящее вещество, используемое для того, чтобы цвета дерева не скрывали структуру …
4. Varnish, shellac, and lacquer add a hard, glossy finish while exposing the beauty of the wood.
а) Глазурь, шеллак и лак добавляют твердости глянцевой поверхности, показывая красоту дерева.
б) Глазурь, шеллак и лак делают поверхность твердой и глянцевой, демонстрируя красоту дерева.
в) Глазурь, шеллак и лак придают твердой поверхности глянец, когда дерево выставляется напоказ.
VI. Continue the sentence:
1. Sanding makes wood surfaces smooth for finishing …
a) … while cutting it to its final sizes.
b) … while exposing the beauty of the wood.
c) … while removing tool marks.
2. Abrasive paper is manufactured for …
a) … use by hand only.
b) … use by hand and machines as well.
c) … use by machines only.
3. A variety of finishes are used …
a) … to remove tool marks.
b) … to color wood and to hide the pattern of the grain.
c) … to guard wood and provide the beauty of a color of its own.
4. Woodworkers use … to color wood and to add a hard, glossy finish to its surface
a) … a stain …
b) ... a varnish …
c) … wax …
VII. a) Complete the table:
|
Noun |
Verb |
Adjective |
|
- |
finish |
- |
|
- |
- |
protected |
|
manufacture |
- |
- |
|
- |
vary |
- |
|
- |
- |
colorful |
|
polish |
- |
- |
|
- |
expose |
- |
|
provision |
- |
- |
b) Choose the word from the table to complete the sentence:
1. They … abrasive paper for use by hand and by machines as well.
2. The wood should be cut to its … size before sanding.
3. A stain is used to … wood and to bring out the pattern of the grain.
4. … finishes are used to guard wood and to show the beauty of the grain.
5. The grain of the wood is covered with paint which … the color of its own.
6. Woodworkers usually use varnish to protect wood from … to weather.
7. Wax is usually used to protect varnish and to … wood surface.
8. The main aim of all the finishes used by wood workers is to … wood and to provide the color of its own.
VIII. Scan the text and answer the questions:
1. How do woodworkers make wood surfaces smooth for finishing?
2. When should woodworkers begin sanding?
3. For what use is most abrasive paper manufactured?
4. What common sanding material is used in sanding machines?
5. What sanding machines are considered to be the best ones?
6. What do woodworkers use to protect wood?
7. Does a stain hide the pattern and feel of the grain?
8. What are varnish, shellac, and lacquer used for?
9. How do woodworkers make the surface of the wood smooth and shiny?
Grammar revision:
1. Explain the grammar phenomena underlined in the text.
2. Put questions to the following sentences.
1. Man widely uses aluminium. (general)
2. Iron melts more easily than butter. (What)
3. Our laboratory was provided with all the necessary instruments last year. (When)
4. Everyone can solve this problem. (Who)
5. They had to consult the expert. (Whom)
3. Open the brackets.
1. Different kinds of batteries (to use) in radio engineering.
2. Within several years nuclear power stations (to generate) a great amount of electric power.
3. They (to finish) testing the device last week.
4. There (to be) a large physics laboratory at our institute.
5. He (to reject) our proposal.